4N から 3N へ　スペイン語版カーニズム尺度における信頼性と妥当性の研究

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論文概要

カーニズム（肉食主義）とは、3N（自然だから natural・必要だから necessary・普通だから normal）と呼ばれる理由に基づいて肉食を支持するイデオロギーである。これらのNにはのちに「美味しいから nice」という理由が加わり、3Nは4Nとなった。4N尺度のスペイン語版はカーニズムの概念を測定する尺度として最も広く用いられているが、本研究ではこれをスペインの状況に合わせて修正し、理論的適合性と計量心理学的特性の観点から改善することを主な目的とした。

研究では、3Nに基づく様々なモデルを用いてその適合性を検証し、カーニズムを測定するうで最も優れた理論的フレームワークを特定した。2部構成の研究のうち、研究1（300名）では複数の異なるモデルを4Nの理論的構造と計量心理学的特性の観点から検証し、研究2（455名）では、研究1で得られた最良モデルの有効性を検証し、2次因子分析モデルを用いて調べた。

これらの研究について行った確証的因子分析では、4Nモデルには方法論的に問題があり、自然・必要・美味の３つ次元のみを用いれば改善できることが明らかになった。「普通」の次元はカーニズムのイデオロギーを理解する上で重要な側面ではあるものの、なぜカーニズムを測定する尺度に含めるのが適切でないのか、その理由を研究結果から考察する。

Claudia Suárez-Year, María Sánchez-Castelló, Jorge L. Ordóñez-Carrasco & Antonio J. Rojas-Tejada

2025/01/21

From the 4Ns to the 3Ns. Reliability and validation studies of the Spanish-adapted Carnism Scale

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-07342-9

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