肉は安すぎるのか？ 食肉への最適な課税に向けて

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Is Meat Too Cheap? Towards Optimal Meat Taxation

Franziska Funke, Linus Mattauch, Inge van den Bijgaart, Charles Godfray, Cameron Hepburn, David Klenert, Marco Springmann, Nicolas Treich

2022/01/10

https://www.inet.ox.ac.uk/publications/no-2022-01-is-meat-too-cheap-towards-optimal-meat-taxation

論文概要

畜産は気候変動を引き起こす大きな要因の一つであり、世界の窒素循環や生物多様性に悪影響を及ぼしていることがわかっている。しかし、経済効率の高い政策によって食肉の生産と消費を規制する可能性については十分に研究されていない。畜産部門に対するファーストベストの政策手段がない以上、セカンドベストとしての食肉に対する消費税を導入すれば、食生活に関連する公衆衛生を改善すると同時に、環境面における多くの問題に対処することができる。

ここでは、「食肉の社会的コスト」について実証的研究に基づく知見をレビューし、さらに公共経済学・行動経済学・厚生経済学の観点から、高所得国において食肉への課税による規制に取り組むための根拠、すなわち、（i）環境面での多くの不利益がある、（ii）人々の健康への悪影響がある、（iii）アニマルウェルフェアの問題、（iv）学習曲線から予想される代替タンパク質技術の進歩、（v）社会の富を分配する効果、などの問題について検証する。

結論として我々は、食肉の価格が著しく低いことを指摘するとともに、食肉消費に伴う環境面での社会的コストについて試験的に推計した結果を提示する。食肉への最適な課税のあり方について、今後の研究におけるいくつかの方向性を明らかにする。

動物の未来-FACTSへ戻る