農薬がアメリカ全土の野生ハチの分布に及ぼす影響

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論文概要

野生のハチ種の多くは減少しつつあり、自然や農業の生態系における受粉に重大な影響を及ぼしている。実験室や野外での実験では、ネオニコチノイドとピレスロイドが特に悪影響を及ぼすことが示されており、いくつかの対象種では個体数の減少との関連も指摘されている。

本研究では、アメリカ全土の博物館記録、生態学的調査、市民科学のデータを集計し、6科1,081種のハチ（アメリカ国内に記録のあるハチ種の33%）に関する178,589件におよぶ独自の観察データを用いて、1995年から2015年におけるハチ種の生息状況を土地利用データと連結してモデル化した。

その結果、ハチの減少には数多くの原因があるものの、農薬の悪影響は広い範囲に及んでいることが明らかになった。ネオニコチノイドとピレスロイドの使用量が増加したことが、数百種に及ぶ野生のハチの生息状況に変化を引き起こす主な要因となっている。農薬の使用量が多い場合、ある種がその場所に生息する確率が43.3％低下することもある。

これらの結果から、総合的病害虫管理など、農薬の使用量を削減する仕組みを導入すれば、花粉を運ぶ生物（ミツバチ・チョウ・ハチドリなど）の保全を進めることにつながると考えられる。

Laura Melissa Guzman, Elizabeth Elle, Lora A. Morandin, Neil S. Cobb, Paige R. Chesshire, Lindsie M. McCabe, Alice Hughes, Michael Orr & Leithen K. M’Gonigle

2024/08/27

Impact of pesticide use on wild bee distributions across the United States

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-024-01413-8

動物の未来-FACTSへ戻る